Ubuzima ntibushobora gutandukana na ogisijeni, kandi "ogisijeni yo mu buvuzi" ni icyiciro cyihariye cya ogisijeni, kigira uruhare runini mu gufasha ubuzima, ubuvuzi bwihutirwa, gusana no gukora physiotherapy. None se, ni izihe soko n'ibyiciro bya ogisijeni yo mu buvuzi? Ni iki gitera imbere cya ogisijeni yo mu buvuzi?
Ogisijeni yo mu buvuzi ni iki?
Ogisijeni yo kwa muganga ni yo gaze ikoreshwa cyane mu buvuzi mu bitaro. Ikoreshwa cyane mu buvuzi mu kuvura indwara ziterwa no kurohama, nitrite, kokayine, monoxyde de carbone na paralysis y'imitsi yo mu buhumekero. Ikoreshwa kandi mu gukumira no kuvura umusonga, myocarditis n'imikorere mibi y'umutima. Ku rundi ruhande, bitewe n'ikwirakwira rya COVID-19, akamaro ka ogisijeni yo kwa muganga mu kuvura kagiye kagaragara buhoro buhoro, bigira ingaruka ku muvuduko w'ubuvuzi n'imibereho y'abarwayi.
Mu ntangiriro, umwuka wa ogisijeni mu buvuzi ntiwari utandukanye cyane n'umwuka wa ogisijeni mu nganda, kandi byombi byabonekaga binyuze mu gutandukanya umwuka. Mbere ya 1988, ibitaro byo mu nzego zose zo mu gihugu cyanjye byakoreshaga umwuka wa ogisijeni mu nganda. Ni bwo mu 1988 hashyizweho amahame ya "Ogisijeni mu buvuzi" kandi agashyirwaho itegeko, bikuraho ikoreshwa rya ogisijeni mu nganda mu buvuzi. Ugereranyije na ogisijeni mu nganda, amahame ya ogisijeni mu buvuzi arakomeye cyane. Ogisijeni mu buvuzi igomba gushungura indi myanda ya gazi (nka monoxide karubone, dioxyde de carbone, ozone na aside-base compounds) kugira ngo hirindwe uburozi n'ibindi byago mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha. Uretse ibisabwa ku isuku, umwuka wa ogisijeni mu buvuzi ufite ibisabwa byinshi ku bunini n'isuku y'amacupa yo kubikamo, bigatuma irushaho kuba nziza mu mavuriro.
Ishyirwa mu byiciro rya ogisijeni mu buvuzi n'ingano y'isoko
Kuva aho biva, harimo ogisijeni ya silindiri itegurwa n'ibimera bya ogisijeni na ogisijeni iboneka mu byuma bikungahaye kuri ogisijeni mu bitaro; Ku bijyanye n'imiterere ya ogisijeni, hari ibyiciro bibiri: ogisijeni y'amazi na ogisijeni ikomoka ku mwuka; Ni ngombwa kandi kumenya ko uretse ogisijeni ifite 99.5% by'umwuka mwiza cyane, hari n'ubwoko bw'umwuka ukungahaye kuri ogisijeni ifite 93%. Mu 2013, Ikigo gishinzwe ibiribwa n'imiti cya Leta cyasohoye amahame ngenderwaho y'imiti ku mwuka ukungahaye kuri ogisijeni (93% by'umwuka ukomoka kuri ogisijeni), hakoreshejwe "umwuka ukungahaye kuri ogisijeni" nk'izina rusange ry'umuti, gushimangira imicungire n'ubugenzuzi, kandi ubu ukoreshwa cyane mu bitaro.
Gutanga umwuka wa ogisijeni n'ibitaro binyuze mu bikoresho bitanga ogisijeni bifite ibisabwa byinshi mu ikoranabuhanga ry'ibitaro n'ibikoresho, kandi ibyiza nabyo biragaragara cyane. Mu 2016, Ishami rya Meical Gases and Engineering ry'Ishyirahamwe ry'Abashinwa ry'Imyuka y'Inganda, ku bufatanye n'Ishami rishinzwe Ibipimo by'Ikigo gishinzwe ubuvuzi cya Komisiyo y'Igihugu y'Ubuzima no Kuboneza urubyaro, ryakoze ubushakashatsi ku bitaro 200 hirya no hino mu gihugu. Ibisubizo byagaragaje ko 49% by'ibitaro byakoresheje umwuka wa ogisijeni w'amazi, 27% byakoresheje imashini zitanga ogisijeni y'umusemburo, naho bimwe mu bitaro bikoresha ogisijeni nke byakoresheje silinda za ogisijeni kugira ngo bitange ogisijeni. Ariko, mu myaka ya vuba aha, ingaruka mbi zo gukoresha ogisijeni y'amazi n'umwuka wa ogisijeni wo mu macupa zarushijeho kugaragara. 85% by'ibitaro bishya byubatswe bihitamo gukoresha ibikoresho bigezweho bitanga ogisijeni y'umusemburo, kandi ibitaro byinshi bishaje bihitamo gukoresha imashini zikoresha ogisijeni aho gukoresha ogisijeni isanzwe yo mu macupa.
Ibikoresho bya ogisijeni mu bitaro n'ubuziranenge
Ogisijeni gakondo ya silindiri na ogisijeni y'amazi mu bitaro bikorerwa mu buryo butuma umwuka utandukana. Ogisijeni ya silindiri ikoreshwa mu mwuka ishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo butaziguye, mu gihe ogisijeni y'amazi igomba kubikwa igasimburwa, igakurwamo umwuka, hanyuma igahindurwa umwuka mbere yuko ikoreshwa mu buvuzi.
Hari ibibazo byinshi mu ikoreshwa rya silinda za ogisijeni, harimo ingorane mu kubika no gutwara, ingorane mu ikoreshwa, nibindi. Ikibazo gikomeye ni umutekano. Silinda za icyuma ni amakontena afite umuvuduko mwinshi ashobora guhura n'impanuka zikomeye. Bitewe n'ibibazo bikomeye by'umutekano, ikoreshwa rya silinda rigomba gukurwaho mu bitaro binini no mu bitaro bifite abarwayi benshi. Uretse ibibazo biri kuri silinda ubwazo, amasosiyete menshi adafite impamyabumenyi ya ogisijeni mu buvuzi akora kandi akagurisha ogisijeni ya silinda, irimo ibintu bike kandi umwanda mwinshi. Hari n'igihe ogisijeni yo mu nganda ihinduka nk'ogisijeni mu buvuzi, kandi ibitaro bigora kumenya ubwiza bwayo mu gihe cyo kugura, bishobora guteza impanuka zikomeye z'ubuvuzi.
Bitewe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga, ibitaro byinshi byatangiye guhitamo uburyo bwo gushyira umwuka mu kirere.Uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo gukora ogisijeni bukoreshwa ubu ni sisitemu yo gukora ogisijeni mu buryo bwa molecular sieve na sisitemu yo gukora ogisijeni mu buryo bwa membrane, bukoreshwa cyane mu bitaro.
Ikintu cy'ingenzi twavuga hano ni icyuma gipima umwuka wa ogisijeni mu buryo bwa molekile. Gikoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gukurura umwuka wa ogisijeni mu kirere mu buryo butaziguye. Ni cyiza kandi cyoroshye gukoresha. Uburyohe bwacyo bwagaragaye cyane cyane mu gihe cy'ibiza,Gufasha abakozi b'ubuvuzi kubohora amaboko yabo. Gutunganya ogisijeni no kuyitanga byigenga byakuyeho burundu igihe cyo gutwara silinda za ogisijeni, kandi byongera ubushake bw'ibitaro bwo kugura imashini zitanga ogisijeni zikoresha molekile.
Muri iki gihe, umwuka mwinshi wa ogisijeni ukorwa ni umwuka urimo ogisijeni (93% ya ogisijeni), ushobora guhaza ibyifuzo bya ogisijeni mu byumba rusange cyangwa ibigo bito by’ubuvuzi bidakora ubuvuzi bw’ibanze, ariko ntibishobora guhaza ibyifuzo bya ogisijeni mu byumba binini, ibyumba bitanga ubuvuzi bw’incuke, n’ibyumba bitanga ogisijeni.
Ikoreshwa n'icyitegererezo cy'umwuka wa ogisijeni mu buvuzi
Icyorezo cyakomeje kugaragaza akamaro ka ogisijeni mu buvuzi, ariko hari n'ibindi bihugu bidafite ogisijeni ihagije.
Muri icyo gihe, ibitaro binini n'ibiciriritse bigenda bigabanya buhoro buhoro silinda kugira ngo birusheho kunoza umutekano, bityo kuvugurura no guhindura ibigo bitanga ogisijeni nabyo ni ngombwa. Hamwe no gukwirakwiza ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora ogisijeni, ibikoresho byo mu bitaro bikoresha ogisijeni birushaho gukoreshwa cyane. Uburyo bwo kunoza ubumenyi, kugabanya ikiguzi, no gutuma bihuzwa kandi bikanagendanwa mu gihe hakorwa ibishoboka byose kugira ngo ireme ry'umusaruro wa ogisijeni nabyo byabaye icyerekezo cy'iterambere ry'ibikoresho bitanga ogisijeni.
Ogisijeni yo mu bwoko bwa Meical igira uruhare runini mu kuvura indwara zitandukanye, kandi uburyo bwo kunoza igenzura ry’ubuziranenge no kunoza uburyo bwo gutanga serivisi bwabaye ikibazo ibigo n’ibitaro bigomba guhangana nacyo hamwe. Hamwe n’uko ibigo by’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi byinjiye, hashyizweho ibisubizo bishya byo gutegura ogisijeni mu bihe bitandukanye nko mu bitaro, mu ngo no mu turere dutandukanye.Ibihe biri kugenda buhoro buhoro, ikoranabuhanga ririmo gutera imbere, kandi dutegereje ubwoko bw'iterambere rizaterwa mu gihe kizaza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-23-2025